Do you reside in Italy and are a devoted TV and movie fan? If so, you may be familiar with Hulu, a well-known streaming service with a vast natural selection of TV series, films, and scoop content. Unfortunately, Hulu is only formally accessible in the US and Japan, leaving many viewers abroad, including those in Italy, wishful of having to get to its vast library.
Following the instructions in this tutorial, you can enjoy Hulu’s wide variety of content from the comfort of your home in Italy, whether you’re undefined by the newest popular TV series, timeless masterpieces, or scoop Hulu originals.
So, let’s jump in and learn the techniques that will enable you to get around regional limits to enjoy your front-runner series and movies on Hulu. Merely don’t worry! We’ll see how to watch Hulu in Italy in this guide.
How to Stream Hulu in Italy – Quick Guide
Because of licensing rules, you can watch Hulu Italy. However, you may stream Hulu Italy by following these steps:
- Subscribe to a high-quality VPN service. We recommend ExpressVPN.
- Download and then install the VPN app on your device.
- Log in using your credentials.
- Connect to a US server from the list.
- Visit Hulu’s website or app.
- Start watching your favorite series and movies on Hulu.
Best VPNs to Unblock Hulu in Italy – Quick List
- ExpressVPN: It has over 3000 fast servers worldwide with excellent security mechanisms. It is the most popular VPN for Hulu Italy. It is available for $6.67 per year with an annual subscription.
- Private Internet Access (PIA): You can tunnel your internet traffic through secure VPN servers by using Private Internet Access VPN. Because some programs and websites are not VPN-friendly, PIA split-tunneling options let you specify which IP addresses, websites, or applications should circumvent the VPN tunnel.
- ExtremeVPN: At a lower cost, it offers surety and defense. It strictly adheres to the no-log principle and doesn’t record user activity or undefined information. It uses AES-256-bit keys to encrypt the knowledge of its customers.
Why Do You Need a VPN to Access Hulu in Italy
Hulu is geo-restricted in Italy; thus, you cannot unblock it. Hulu is a US video-on-demand service that is only accessible in the US and Japan. Hulu has installed a solid firewall to block access across Europe.
You can circumvent the geo-restriction error with a high-quality VPN and access Hulu Italy. By using an American IP address, a VPN will hide your local IP address. It will trick Hulu’s firewall into thinking you’re accessing the service from the USA. ExpressVPN is the finest for the Hulu Location Trick.
Best VPNs to Watch Hulu in Italy – Detailed List
1. ExpressVPN
Key Features
- Offers military-grade encryption for the best online security
- Extensive server network offers lightning-fast speeds.
- Do not record your online activities.
- Protect your DNS requests against leaks by taking steps to prevent them.
- Split tunneling lets you pick which applications utilize the VPN and which don’t
- Stream media on gadgets like intelligent TVs that don’t support VPNs
- Free surfing and downloading are possible with unlimited bandwidth
- Receive immediate support from trained professionals anytime
Our top pick is ExpressVPN, a premium service with several features that provide users with blazing-fast, private, and secure internet connections. A stable relationship is available everywhere thanks to its almost 3,000 servers spread across 94 nations.
Its efficiency in terms of speed is likewise outstanding, placing it among the quickest VPN speeds made available to customers. The service is fast, and features like Smart Location let users choose the device with the lowest latency.
This VPN has two other peculiar features: split tunneling and an automatic kill switch. Firstly, it activates to ensure that exploiter information is always safe in the event of a broken service link. Second, it enables users to categorize programs according to whether they need a virtual server.
It offers three pricing options: a month, six months, or a year. A monthly subscription costs $12.95. The cost of the six-month plan is $9.99. The program costs a year for $99.95 or $8.32 per month. The cheapest option is the one-year bundle. The VPN also offers a 30-day refund policy. If you would want a refund, you may do so.
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Extensive and varied server network | Exceedingly high costs |
Strong privacy and security features | No multi-hop connections |
Unblocks streaming services like Netflix | Limited configuration options |
Supports torrenting and P2P | |
Easy-to-use and stylish apps |
2. Private Internet Access (PIA)
Key Features
- Guarantees the privacy of your internet activity
- Has several VPN Gateways to a vast global network of servers
- Protect your data when using public Wi-Fi networks
- Outright bandwidth is available for fast, uninterrupted streaming and browsing
- Choke up advertisements, trailing cookies, and malware to improve your online experience
- Effortlessly transfer files between peers using P2P networks
- Block domains acknowledged to let in advertisements, trackers, and malware (MACE feature)
- Sustain a dedicated information processing address to increase privacy and accessibility
PIA’s primary concerns are the privacy and safety of its customers’ online activities. The giant waiter web exists there, with more than 35,000 servers globally. Users should use PIA, which has over 3,300 connections in the US, if they need access to region-locked content.
It offers its clients blazing-fast and trustworthy interactions in terms of performance. Let’s assume it changes based on the user’s location and primary machine. In that situation, the typical result of the closet zip fits most internet activities.
One of its distinguishing characteristics is the integration of malware and ad-blocking programs, which is advantageous. They provide antimalware, ad-blocking services, and strong VPN capabilities. It provides an automated kill switch to users’ privacy in the event of unexpected disconnections.
It offers three subscription options: monthly, yearly, and twice yearly. The cost of the monthly bundle is $9.95, or $3.33. The two-year contract has a two-year fee of $69.95, or $2.91 per month. All programs come with a 30-day money-back guarantee.
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Quick and dependable speeds | Doesn’t work in China |
Attainable long-term strategies | Poor live chat assistance |
Supports torrenting and P2P | No Free Trail |
Endless connections to devices | |
Strict no-logs policy |
3. ExtremeVPN
Key Features
- Provides unbelievably fast servers for smooth browsing
- Secure connections are available across versatile devices and operating systems with multi-platform compatibility
- Guarantees that your net actions are anonymous and secret
- Use cutting-edge encoding technologies to secure your data
- Use servers spread out worldwide to access geo-restricted material
- Utilize the kill switch feature to ensure secure internet dealings
- Get a different informatics address to improve accessibility and privacy
- Customer service is available 24/7
Reviews of ExtremeVPN have been mainly positive. Because it offers basic data encryption, security mechanisms, and seamless torrenting and streaming features, it is an excellent VPN for media consumption. Its critics highlight its erratic public presentation outcomes and unconvincing reputation for certainty.
Customers have various choices for viewing material with geographical limitations because of its extensive network of over 6,500 servers in 78+ countries. It safeguards the security and privacy of its clients. Master features offered by this service include 256-bit encryption, an automated firearm pour-down switch, and leak prevention for DNS and IPv6.
Its most important sport is, without a doubt, the fact that it functions with various ironware and software platforms, including Chrome, Firefox, iOS, Android, Windows, Mac, and others. Users can use VPN services on their preferred undefined regardless of the operating system.
With its assistance, you can browse the internet safely. If you commit for a year, your Crataegus laevigata will cost nothing. For instance, if you select a 1-year plan, the monthly fee is merely $3.33. It is equivalent to a 70% discount off the standard monthly price of $10.95. You can test it out risk-free thanks to the 30-day money-back guarantee that it offers.
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Swift and dependable speeds | Resulting from variable speed |
Powerful protocols and encryption | Uncertainty in terms of security |
Enables both streaming and torrenting | Inadequate client services |
Vast and varied server network | |
Cheap long-term strategies |
Methodology For Selecting the Best VPNs to Stream Hulu in Italy
To ensure a dependable and high-quality viewing experience, consider a few things while choosing the best VPNs in Italy for Hulu. You can use the following method:
Research VPN Providers
First, look into the various VPN companies with servers in Italy. Look for suppliers with a good reputation and a history of reliability, security, and customer service. For more information, consult indefinite reviews, cyberspace forums, and VPN reexamine websites.
Server Locations
Undefined the VPN service’s server locations to see if whatever is nigh Hulu’s servers in the United States. This stuffiness can lower move latency and guarantee faster cyclosis rates.
Connection Speed
Seek out VPN services that offer quick connections. A steady and short latency is necessary to prevent buffering or subpar performance. Some VPN companies let you evaluate their service earlier by offering speed tests or tribulation periods.
Streaming Compatibility
Check whether your VPN can get around Hulu’s geo-restrictions before pouring. Because some VPNs have procedures to detect them, they could have trouble connecting to streaming services. Choose VPNs with a track record of successfully unblocking streaming services like Hulu.
Simultaneous Connections
When thinking of almost simultaneous connections, look at the number of devices you intend to connect simultaneously. There are sometimes restrictions on how many devices Can connect simultaneously with VPN services. Pick a VPN that allows for many simultaneous connections to meet your demands.
Security and Privacy
View their surety steps, including encryption processes and no-logs policy, when assessing VPN providers. Confirm that the provider prioritizes user stashing and data security.
User-Friendly Interface
Switching between locations and connecting to the VPN servers can be successful and more straightforward with a user-friendly VPN node or app. Take service providers who cater to simpleton and easy-to-use interfaces for many devices.
Customer Help
Determine whether the VPN companion provides steady customer help, ideally via live chat or email. Good customer service is necessary if you run into any problems or queries.
Pricing and Plans
Examine the pricing plans of versatile VPN providers and analyze the terms they succumb regarding features and performance. Remember that less-pricy VPNs may have performance, server availability, or client service constraints.
Free Trials and Money-Back Guarantee
Consider VPNs that cater to unfreeze trials or money-back guarantees. Before making a long-term commitment, try the service risk-free and see if it suits your needs.
Considering these elements, you can focus your search and take the best VPN for Hulu in Italy. Remember to follow content licensing agreements and the streaming platform’s damage of service.
Can I Use a Free VPN to Access Hulu in Italy
No, a free VPN won’t be able to unblock Hulu in Italy; thus, you can’t stream it there. You will also have connection problems and the possibility of identity theft.
Due to the poor connection, free VPNs cannot get beyond the geo-restriction. In addition, Hulu’s anti-VPN software can quickly reveal the free VPN IPs and deny you access. The safest way to view Hulu Italy is thus to utilize a premium VPN.
Why is Hulu Blocked in Italy
Italy cannot access Hulu due to copyright regulations. Due to licensing and broadcasting agreements, the streaming service prevents all non-US viewers from accessing its top-tier services.
It blocks access to Hulu video for streamers in Italy using cutting-edge geo-blocking technology. If you don’t utilize a safe VPN service, you won’t be able to view Hulu. ExpressVPN is a good choice since it will make it appear like you are viewing Hulu from the US.
How Do I Sign Up For Hulu in Italy – Alternative Payment Method
You need a payment method and US billing address to pay for Hulu Italy. However, we have provided other payment methods for Hulu Italy if you don’t have a US-based payment card.
Use Gift Cards
The simplest way to pay for Hulu in Italy is using gift cards. You can buy these gift cards through services like Walmart, eBay, Target, and My Gift Card Supply.
Here’s how to access Hulu in Italy with a gift card:
- Subscribe to a reliable VPN service. ExpressVPN is recommended.
- Connect to a US server from the list.
- Visit mygiftcardsupply.com and choose a Hulu gift card equal to the cost of your chosen membership plan.
- Purchase the gift card from your own country using PayPal or a credit card.
- Enter your discount code in your email account on the Hulu Gift Card redemption page.
- Provide a US Zip Code after clicking redeem.
- Congratulations! Your Hulu Italy registration was successful.
Use StatesPay
To use a virtual credit card to purchase Hulu Italy, follow the following steps:
- Visit StatesPay’s official website.
- Open an account for a virtual credit card.
- Fill up your PayPal virtual credit card.
- Purchase a high-end VPN. We advise using ExpressVPN.
- Use your selected Virtual Credit Card payment option to finish the registration procedure.
- Get a premium subscription to Hulu in Italy to watch your preferred content.
Use PayPal to Pay For Hulu Italy
To purchase Hulu Italy using PayPal, follow the steps:
- Install and pay for a premium VPN. ExpressVPN is highly recommended.
- Connect to a US server from the list.
- Follow the website’s steps to open a PayPal account in the US.
- Visit the Hulu website and create an account there.
- Choose PayPal as your chosen payment option.
- Add all of your information.
- Get a premium subscription to Hulu in Italy to watch your preferred content.
Use iTunes
The procedures below will help you use iTunes US to obtain Hulu in Italy:
- Install and pay for a premium VPN. We recommend ExpressVPN.
- Connect to a US server from the list.
- Visit the iTunes website.
- Navigate to Settings on your iOS device.
- Choose USA as the location under Name > Media Purchases > Country/Region.
- Add your preferred payment method, such as a credit or debit card.
- Select your desired subscription option by tapping Subscribe.
- Enter your iTunes information to complete the transaction.
- Utilize your premium subscription to watch Hulu Italy.
Request Hulu Italy From Your Friends or Family
Asking a friend or member of your family to get a Hulu membership for you is the most straightforward approach. Any American may easily purchase a Hulu membership and transmit it to you. You will still require a VPN to use the service in Italy, so be sure to get one.
What is the Hulu Price in Italy
If you like streaming media, do you know how much Hulu costs in Italy? The price of Hulu Germany is as follows:
Prices and Features | Hulu | Hulu (Ad-Free) | (Includes Disney+ Bundle and ESPN+) Live TV and Hulu | Hulu with Live TV (No Free) (Includes Disney+ Bundle and ESPN+) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Price in $ | $ 7.99/Monthly or $ 79.99/Yearly | $ 14.99/Monthly | $ 69.99/Monthly | $ 82.99/Monthly |
Price in EURO | € 7.35/Monthly or € 73.61/yearly | € 13.79/Monthly | € 64.41/Monthly | € 76.37/Monthly |
Plan Features | Its advertisements could annoy clients, making it a necessary but underappreciated strategy. | It surpasses the total package in sophistication. It is most suited for clients who find commercial interruptions annoying in such a situation. | Despite being relatively expensive, it provides customers with a Live TV feature and 50 hours of cloud-based DVR storage. | It is an ideal package for Hulu customers Who wish to avoid interruptions while viewing their favorite live TV episodes, movies, and television series. |
How Do I Get Around Hulu Live Home Location in Italy
It is not possible to get Hulu live TV in Italy. You can misdirect Hulu’s home location in Italy with a high-quality VPN. You can only view channels available in New York if you are situated there. However, to view live channels from another region, you need to use the Hulu location trick.
To deceive the Italian Hulu Live location, follow these steps:
- Join a premium VPN service.
- Download and install the VPN app on your device.
- Log in using your credentials.
- Connect to a US server from the list.
- VPN will disguise your Italian IP.
Why is Hulu Unavailable in Italy
Due to the following mistakes, you can’t stream Hulu in Italy:
- Hulu Error Code 503 and Error Codes 3 and 5
- Error code P-DEV318 on Hulu
- Proxy Error on Hulu
- Error code 2(-998) for Hulu
- HDCP Error on Hulu
- Hulu Metadata Metadata-2 Error
- Error Hulu Protected Content
- Hulu App Problems
- 500 errors on Hulu
- Playback failure on Hulu with error code 400
Why is Hulu in Italy Not Working
Hulu is unavailable in Italy due to copyright regulations. In Italy, it is geo-restricted. If you attempt to access Hulu from Italy, you will see an error message stating that you can only view Hulu content within the USA.
Hulu will block your access if your IP address indicates that you are in a geo-restricted area. With a high-end VPN, you can, however, get around the restriction.
To deceive the Hulu live location servers, it will hide your IP address behind an American one. As a result, you may unblock Hulu and use the streaming service to see your preferred foreign programming and Italian movies.
Which Live Channels are Available on Hulu
The list of live channels accessible on Hulu in Italy is as follows:
Family-Entertainment Channels | Educational Channels | Sports Channels | Entertainment Channels | News Channels |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cartoon Network, Boomerang, Universal Kids, Disney Channel, and Nickelodeon. | Include National Geographic, Discovery, History, and NASA. | ESPN, FS1, ESC, BTN, ACCN, and ACCN. | Comedy Central, BET, Bravo, Freeform, E!, and Lifetime are among the examples. | Fox News, CNBC, MSNBC, ABC News, and The Weather Channel. |
How Can I Cancel My Italian Hulu Subscription
The procedures listed below make canceling your Hulu subscription in Italy simple:
- Subscribe to a reliable VPN like ExpressVPN.
- Install the VPN app on your device.
- Log in using your login information.
- Connect to a US server from the list.
- Visit the Hulu website’s main page and choose an account from the menu in the bottom right corner of the screen.
- Put your password in the account tab after selecting it.
- You may use the Cancel your Subscription button to end your subscription when you see it officially.
Compatibility
You can use the following devices to watch Hulu in Italy.
- iOS
- Android
- Windows
- Mac
- Smart TV
- Apple TV
- Roku
- PlayStation (3&4)
- Xbox
- Kodi
- PC
- Firestick
How to Watch Hulu on iOS in Italy
- In Settings > Network, transfer your Apple ID region to the United States.
- Get a reliable VPN service like ExpresVPN.
- Connect to a US server from the list.
- Look for Hulu in the App Store.
- Sign in to your account.
- Start watching your favorite shows and movies.
How to Watch Hulu on Android in Italy
- Open the ExpressVPN App on your Android phone.
- Connect to a US server from the list.
- Log in to your recently made Google account.
- Visit the Play Store and look for the Hulu app.
- Install it, then create a cost-free account.
- Watch Hulu on your Android.
How to Stream Hulu on Windows in Italy
- Launch a web browser.
- Install a trustworthy VPN (Virtual Private Network) program that you downloaded.
- Start the VPN program.
- Obtain a connection to a server in the USA.
- Open a new window on your web browser and go to the Netflix website.
- Log in using your Netflix credentials.
- Enjoy watching Netflix American programming in Australia.
How to Unblock Hulu on a Mac in Italy
- Launch the Mac App Store.
- Find a reliable VPN (Virtual Private Network) application.
- Download and install the VPN app on your device.
- Open the VPN client.
- Obtain a connection to a server in the USA.
- Visit the Netflix website in a new window of your computer browser.
- Log in using your Netflix credentials.
- Start delivering Netflix in Australia using American content.
How to Watch Hulu on Smart TV in Italy
- Download and install a reliable VPN. We strongly suggest ExpressVPN.
- Connect to a US server from the list.
- Activate your Wi-Fi router’s admin mode.
- Join your VPN system.
- Create a free account on Hulu and download the app to your smart TV to begin streaming.
How to Unblock Hulu on Apple TV in Italy
- Choose a VPN service that supports Smart DNS. We strongly suggest ExpressVPN.
- Go to the Settings section of your Apple TV.
- Choose “Network” from the bottom of the page.
- Select your network by clicking the Wi-Fi button.
- Choose Custom Configuration, then under DNS Configuration.
- Connect your Apple TV to a US server by entering and restarting your DNS address.
- Download and install the Hulu app on your Apple TV.
- Log in to your account.
- Start streaming your preferred content.
How to Watch Hulu on Roku in Italy
- Install ExpressVPN after downloading it, then link your WiFi router to it.
- Connect to a US server from the list.
- Connect your Roku stick to your smart TV through the HDMI connector.
- You can start using your device by turning it on and choosing Hulu from the Roku home screen.
How to Stream Hulu in Italy on PS3/PS4
- Go to the TV/Video Services category.
- Browse the list of options and search for “Hulu.”
- Select “Get” from the drop-down menu.
- Hulu is now a choice in your “My Channels” list.
How to Watch Hulu on Xbox in Italy
For instructions on how to download Hulu to your Xbox device, see below:
- Navigate to the Xbox menu and locate the option labeled “My games & applications.”
- Access the “Xbox Store” within the menu and locate the application “Hulu.”
- Proceed by selecting the “Install” option from the available menu.
How to Access Hulu on Kodi in Italy
- Get a VPN that works with Hulu and install it. We strongly suggest ExpressVPN.
- Join your VPN to your Kodi device.
- Put the USB stick into your Kodi device after downloading the VPN application on your computer.
- Navigate to Settings, System Settings, and Add-ons on your Kodi device.
- Turn on Unknown Sources immediately.
- On your Kodi device, install the VPN software.
- Connect to a US server from the list.
- Access Kodi’s home screen By turning on your TV,.
- Set up Kodi using the Hulu add-on to begin watching.
How to Watch Hulu on a PC in Italy
- Subscribe to a reliable VPN service on your PC. We strongly suggest ExpressVPN.
- Connect to a US server from the list.
- Visit the Hulu website and create or sign in with an account.
- Before logging in, clear your cookies and cache if you’re still having difficulties streaming Hulu.
How to Stream Hulu on a Firestick in Italy
To install Hulu on your Firestick device, follow the directions below:
- Go to Search on your FireStick after turning it on.
- Change to unreliable sources.
- Install ExpressVPN and connect to the US server after that.
- Hit “Enter” after typing “Hulu.”
- The search results will show the “Hulu app for Fire TV Stick.”
- Following your click on “Get,” the program will download.
- Open the Hulu app when installation is complete.
- Launch the Hulu app and log in or register using your credentials.
- Hulu is now available on Firestick in Italy.
What to Watch on Hulu
Hulu offers a wide selection of serial publications in Italy, including dramas, comedy, crime shows, and thrillers. You may please be in a great serial and well-liked show with various genres catered to your tastes. You should research the wealth of amusement available on Hulu in Italy.
Best Movies on Hulu
- Hail Satan (2019)
- Palm Springs (2020)
- Portrait of a Lady on Fire (2019)
- Minding the Gap (2018)
- Apollo 11 (2019)
- Toni Morrison: The Pieces I Am (2019)
- Amazing Grace (2018)
- The Fight (2020)
- Summer of Soul (2021)
- Honeyland (2019)
Best TV Shows on Hulu
- The Bisexual
- Normal People (2020)
- In between (2018)
- City So Real
- Solar Opposites (2020)
- Love, Victor (2020)
- This Way Up
- Ramy (2019)
- America (2020)
- Looking for Alaska (2019)
5 Best Free Hulu in Italy Alternatives
- AZMovies: It is a fantastic substitute for Hulu since it has a sizable collection of films and TV series, a user-friendly layout, and various genres.
- SolarMovie: A well-known streaming website with a massive survival of the fittest of movies and boob tube series. Fans of streaming media may rely on it because it offers various streaming links for each item.
- Tubi TV: It is an excellent alternative to Hulu for individuals wishing to watch movies and TV shows with minimal ad interruptions.
- Gostream: It offers an extensive range of high-quality films and TV series, fast cyclosis rates, and a user-friendly interface to check a pleasant wake experience.
- 123Movies: Italian consumers frequently choose 123Movies as an alternative to Hulu since it has many movies and TV episodes, including the most recent releases.
Conclusion
Hulu is quickly becoming a popular streaming service throughout the world. It boasts an engaging content library that includes unique original material. Hulu, on the other hand, is geo-restricted in Italy.
To watch Hulu Italy, you’ll need a premium VPN. We recommend ExpressVPN because it offers best-in-class features and an extensive network of optimized American servers. If you have any unanswered questions, please leave a remark below.
FAQs
Hulu is not available in Italy. To view Hulu in Italy, you must subscribe to a plan. You may subscribe to the Basic plan for $7.99 monthly and a 30-day trial.
Hulu is geo-restricted in Italy owing to licensing and copyright rules. Therefore you can’t stream it there.
Yes, but only with a premium VPN can you view Hulu in Italy. As a result, we recommend using ExpressVPN to view Hulu in Italy.
YouTube, Netflix, Rai TV, and Mediaset are some of the streaming services available in Italy.
Yes, a premium VPN can fool Hulu Locations in Italy. You must connect to a secure US server to show that you are watching Hulu from the United States.
If you use a premium VPN, you may watch Hulu in Italy. We recommend ExpressVPN since it offers excellent encryption and unblocking features.
Utilizing Hulu in Italy with a VPN is acceptable if you do so with a reputable service like ExpressVPN.
Unfortunately, Hulu is not available in Italy. The only way to unblock Hulu in Italy is to use a paid VPN.
Yes, with a premium Hulu + Live Subscription, you may watch live sports on Hulu in Italy. For $69.99 a month, you can receive the following subscription and watch live sports from recognized sports networks.
Here’s another fast workaround for the Hulu Error Code:
1. Make sure you delete the Hulu app from your device.
2. Go to your device’s app store and search for Hulu. If your region is geo-restricted, get a VPN.
3. Install the app once more and log in using your credentials.
4. Start streaming your favorite movies and series by searching for them.
There is no official announcement on when Hulu will be available in Italy. As a result, we may deduce that Hulu will not be arriving in Italy very soon.
Watching Hulu in Italy is entirely secure since it covers your IP address and reroutes your data through a VPN tunnel.
You may watch Hulu on many devices in Italy with a single subscription. You can manage your favorite episodes and movies on many devices at once.
There are alternative streaming services in Italy that provide similar material to Hulu. Amazon Prime Video, Disney+, and Apple TV+ are all popular possibilities.